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Nehalem uses QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) and its integrated memory
controller for enormous memory bandwidth. As Ars Technica's Jon Stokes
puts it, "What this means is that Intel no longer has to equip its
processors with freakishly large unified caches designed to mitigate
the effects of the bandwidth starvation with which Intel platforms
currently struggle."
Indeed, the quad-core Nehalem CPUs that Apple is using have
relatively tiny level 2 (L2) caches - just 256 KB for each core. This
is coupled with a shared 8 MB L3 cache that's built right into the
CPU, so no more delays getting data from a separate, slower, external
cache.
The Nehalem architecture is designed to keep the cores fed with data
rather than wasting cycles waiting for data. Because of this immense
bandwidth, each core can do Hyperthreading, which make it act like two
separate cores. That means even the most affordable (still $2,500!) Mac
Pro can process 8 threads concurrently. (This is a technology Intel
last used in the ill-fated Pentium 4.)
Apple has been optimizing OS X for a multi-processor, multi-core
world so that operating system is aware of its resources and knows when
it makes more sense to use multiple cores on a single CPU or one core
each on multiple CPUs. With Hyperthreading, there is the additional
option of having a single core handle two threads. Each strategy has
its benefits and drawbacks.
Only in recent years have we seen personal computers with multiple
multi-core CPUs, and only now has Hyperthreading been added to the mix.
In the old days, the OS didn't worry whether two cores were on the same
CPU or different ones; now it will be able to choose the most efficient
mix of threads, cores, and CPUs.
Intel has added new instructions to SSE 4.2 that are designed to
improve string handling, particularly XML, which makes the new
architecture even more Web-friendly.
Finally, Nehalem has
Turbo Mode. When all of the cores aren't being used, the CPU can
overclock the core(s) in use to improve performance. In the case of the
2.93 GHz Mac Pro, Apple states that it can reach 3.3 GHz in Turbo
Mode.
In brief, all of this means a lot of processing power. Tom's
Hardware benchmarked a 2.93 GHz Nehalem and compared it with a 2.93
GHz Core 2 Extreme X6800 and found Nehalem was 29% more powerful - and
that was using a motherboard that wasn't optimized for Nehalem. Expect
more from Apple.
When all is said and done, we may see anywhere from a 25% to 33%
performance increase GHz for GHz, which would make the 2.66 GHz 8-core
2009 Mac Pro more powerful than the 3.2 GHz 8-core 2008 Mac Pro. Apple
has a right to call this "the fastest and most
powerful Mac ever."
For those who don't need this much power, the new iMacs use a traditional Intel
Core 2 Duo CPU.
There's More
Apple has designed the new Mac Pro for easy access and easy
upgrades. The three PCIe slots are readily accessed when the side of
the computer has been removed, the board holding the CPU(s) and RAM
slides out, making it easy to install additional RAM, and the hard
drives slide into their drive bays.
Apple has eliminated FireWire 400 across the board, but the Mac Pro
more than makes up for that with four FireWire 800 ports (all you need
to use FW 400 devices is a FireWire 800-to-400 adapter or cable). There
are five USB 2.0 ports, and two separate gigabit ethernet ports.
Nvidia GeForce GT 120 graphics round things out, and the ATI Radeon
HD 4870 is available as a $200 option.
Overall, the new Mac Pro should run circles around the old one. We
look forward to seeing the first benchmark results.
Value: 2008 vs. 2009
We haven't seen much in the way of clearance prices on the 2008
models. The 2.8 GHz 4-core is available for about $100 less than the
best price of the new 2.66 GHz 4-core model, but with everything going
for it, the Nehalem model is the hot buy.
If you want an 8-core Mac Pro, however, the close-out 2.8 GHz model
is available for about $2,600. That's $600 below the best price on the
2.26 GHz 8-core Nehalem machine. That's also just $200 more than the
best price on the 4-core 2.66 GHz Nehalem model, so it should sell
quickly at this price.
There are so many options and so much is new, that it's difficult to
know just what to make of the overall value equation. Yes, faster CPUs
and more cores will provide a lot more power, but I think we've reached
the point where the entry-level models offer all the power that most
users will need almost all of the time.
If you'll never need more than 8 GB of RAM, the 2.66 GHz quad-core
Mac Pro is a lot of power at $2,400 (after mail-in rebate). If you need
more RAM or more processing power, the 2.26 GHz 8-core Mac Pro will let
you install 32 GB of RAM while providing about 70% more power - but at
a $3,200 (after rebate) price tag.
Frankly, being low-end users, we can't really fathom the kind of
power these machines have, but if you need more power than the iMac can
offer, this is where you'll find it.
Dan Knight has been using Macs since 1986,
sold Macs for several years, supported them for many more years, and
has been publishing Low End Mac since April 1997. If you find Dan's articles helpful, please consider making a donation to his tip jar.
Links for the Day
Mac of the Day: Original iBook G3, introduced 1999.07.21. Innovative, rugged, heavy, clamshell laptop introduced AirPort and was a huge hit.
