Macintosh rumor sites have cause quite a stir lately, having
convinced most of us that flat panel iMacs and other whiz-bang
products would be ready for Macworld New York. Unfortunately, what
was predicted had little to do with reality.
MacOS Rumors has decided to move
on from flat panel iMacs to hyping HyperTransport. Apple's having
announced its involvement in the consortium has new rumors
spreading like wildfire throughout the Mac community. However, most
of the information being disseminated is factually incorrect. The
folks at MacOS Rumors clearly do not understand HyperTransport, as
evidenced in this smart sounding, but completely untrue
statement:
- Thusly, unless Apple manages to get a more consumer oriented
processor ready for HyperTransport (perhaps the 7460 - the
power-saving, lower cost version of today's high end G4), we will
probably never see a Mac built on today's nForce chipsets.
It is helpful to understand a little bit about HyperTransport to
understand why the aforementioned statement is misleading and shows
a poor technical understanding of the technology. HyperTransport
can be used to connect almost any two components and can be chained
one device to the next. There are two derivations of HyperTransport
at the moment, and there will most likely be many more in the
future. Right now, one specification exists for connecting CPUs to
systems and to each other, and another for general I/O connection.
In the future one could perhaps expect a HyperTransport replacement
for the AGP port - the specifications of HyperTransport are that
flexible.
MacOS Rumors is implying two things in their article. First, it
implies that Apple will or may use HyperTransport for its CPU
interconnect technology. Second, it implies that Mac users will
have to wait for an entirely new processor (7460 or later) to enjoy
HyperTransport on the Mac platform. Both of these implications are
false. There is no evidence that Apple is planning on using
HyperTransport to connect CPUs together. This may be on the horizon
many, many years from now, but it is not terribly likely. Apple
already has a relatively efficient multiprocessor bus.
The second assertion, that Mac users will have to wait for a new
CPU to utilize HyperTransport, is also factually incorrect. Lets
apply some basic logic. The Nvidia nForce chipset connects to
Athlons and Pentiums, which were designed five or more years ago.
Why would Apple need to redesign the G4 in order to connect it to
the nForce or any other HyperTransport chipset? The bottom line is
they don't. The nForce uses HyperTransport between the Northbridge
and Southbridge, not the CPU and the Northbridge. The Northbridge
chip has the processor bus (GTL for the Pentium, EV6 for the
Athlon), an AGP Bus, a Memory controller and an 800 Mbps
HyperTransport link to the Southbridge (ATA-Controller, etc.) There
is no reason why the nForce couldn't be easily adapted to the
PowerPC bus. The fact that the nForce uses HyperTransport has
absolutely nothing to do with incompatibility with the Mac
platform.
If Apple isn't going to use it to connect processors together,
why is Apple interested in HyperTransport? Two words: Digital
Hub. HyperTransport allows you to chain PCI busses together for
greater I/O bandwidth. Right now the PowerMac has a theoretical
maximum I/O bandwidth of 264 MBps (megabytes per second) and
sustains about 215 MBps under a peak load.
Think about all of the components in a PowerMac G4. Gigabit ethernet
peaks at 128 MBps, almost half the peak bus bandwidth. FireWire
peaks at 50 MBps and is soon to double to 100 MBps (FireWire and
and Ethernet are normally rated in megabits per second,
these figures are divided by 8 to get megabytes).
ATA-66 peaks at 66 MBps, and ATA-100 peaks at 100 MBps. If you
add these together, you already get very close to the 264 MBps
theoretical maximum of 64-bit PCI. When the PowerMac moves to
faster disk and FireWire standards, the entire bus could be
saturated.
HyperTransport would let Apple put all of the built in
components on their own bus and leave plenty of bandwidth to spare.
For example, a Northbridge with an 800 MBps HyperTransport bus
could have three PCI 64 busses chained to it (264 MBps x 3). With
Apple touting its hardware as a digital hub, and its encroaching on
SGI in the professional graphics arena, I/O bandwidth is a
paramount concern.
In order for Apple to grow, so must its I/O architecture. Apple
controls the design of its Northbridge, so it is much more likely
to appear there first. With HyperTransport, Apple is buying itself
a bit of insurance for the future. HDTV and other extremely
bandwidth intensive applications are right around the corner.
I don't purport to know exactly how Apple is using
HyperTransport or whether they plan on using Nvidia nForce
chipsets, but I think this is a far likelier scenario than the one
presented by the technically ill-informed rumor sites.
Chris Lozaga is a
technical writer and has documented software for the IBM SP super
computer and the AIX Operating System. He is no longer an IBM
employee; this article represents his opinion and his opinion only.
It is in no way indicative of the views of his employers, past or
present.
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