One of the best ways to speed up your Mac is with a
bigger, faster hard drive (adding more system memory is the other), but
there are less hard drives for PowerPC 'Books than before, and they
tend to be lower in capacity than today's SATA drives.
In the world of computing, there are incremental, almost invisible
changes, and there are significant, game changing ones.
For Mac users, one of those game changers was the move from more
intelligent and more expensive SCSI hard drives to IDE* drives, which
are electronically incompatible. All early PowerBooks used SCSI drives,
and the PowerBook 150 (1994)
marked the first time a PowerBook used IDE instead of
SCSI. From then until Apple transitioned to Intel CPUs in 2006, all
PowerBooks and iBooks would use IDE drives.
Over time, less and less SCSI notebook drives were made, and the
cost difference between comparable IDE and SCSI mechanisms increased.
Also, as fewer SCSI drives were being sold, less and less drives were
available. SCSI has been left behind.
With the switch to Intel, Serial ATA (SATA) became the successor to
IDE. As when IDE displaced SCSI, we are now seeing less and less
IDE/PATA/Ultra ATA hard drives on the market, and to the best of my
knowledge there are no 2.5" IDE solid-state drives (SSDs).
UPDATE: A reader let me know that Transcend makes
2.5" SSDs that use the IDE bus - and that's installed one in his
WallStreet PowerBook, cutting boot time for Mac OS 8.6 in half. Drive
sizes range from 2 to 128 GB. Prices are high in comparison to SATA
SSDs. The company also makes IDE
flash modules that connect to a standard 40-pin connector.
A year ago, I wrote IDE Is
Dead; Long Live SATA!, and things have only moved further in that
direction since then.
You Can't Swap IDE and SATA
Although there are bridge cards that will let you use a 3.5" SATA
hard drive on a Mac with an IDE controller, the design of most notebook
computers simply doesn't provide sufficient space to fit an adapter
between a 2.5" SATA drive and and IDE cable. If you want to swap out
your PowerBook or iBook IDE hard drive for a SATA one, you're out of
luck.
Almost all SSDs are designed as swap-in replacements for 2.5" hard
drives, which means that there's no way to use them as replacement
drives in iBooks and PowerBooks.
Note that your maximum drive capacity depends on which version of
the IDE bus and which version of the Mac OS you are running. Many older
'Books will not be able to see more than 128 GB, so there's no sense
buying a larger drive for them. (See How Big a Hard
Drive Can I Put in My iMac, eMac, Power Mac, PowerBook, or iBook? for more
on the "big drive" issue.)
Why SSD?
SSDs have one big advantage over old fashioned hard drives: no
moving parts. There are no spinning platters or moving drive heads, so
accidental physical damage is unlikely. No moving parts means less
noise, less heat, and no power draw spike while a sleeping drive spins
up.
SSDs are also a whole lot faster. With a hard drive, it takes time
for the drive to spin up during a cold boot or when waking from sleep,
and there's some latency as it seeks and reads data from the drive.
With an SSD, the drive is available immediately, and latency is
virtually zero. Even if the hard drive is already spinning, the
zero-latency SSD is going to be faster.
Another thing to keep in mind is that virtual memory is always
running with Mac OS X, so your Mac could be moving data back and
forth between system memory and your system drive (hard drive or SSD)
at any time. This is another place where the no latency advantage of
SSD works to your benefit.
Hard Drive Replacement
I don't know of any SATA-to-IDE adapter small enough to fit in a
2.5" drive bay along with a SATA hard drive or SSD. Crazy as it sounds,
this may be one place where the old G3 PowerBooks with their device
bays have options that later 'Books simply don't have.
Micro-ATA SSDs
The only option I can find for the internal hard drive slot is to
use a Micro-ATA SSD with the appropriate adapter allowing it to
interface with a notebook drive cable. And this isn't an inexpensive
route to take - Lenovo drives start at
$219 for 32 GB and go up from there.
This probably isn't an economically viable option. I mention it only
as a possibility.
Compact Flash
Addonics makes a Compact
Flash Hard Drive Adapter that holds one or two CF cards and can
replace your 'Book's hard drive (see Silence Is Golden: Running Your Existing
Notebook Using Flash Memory). You need to use a CF card that
supports UDMA or you won't be able to boot from it. One problem here is
that CF cards have a limited number of write cycles, so using them with
Mac OS X, where virtual memory is always active, is asking for
trouble.
However, they work well for the Classic Mac OS, especially if you
avoid using virtual memory.
Expansion Bay Modules
MCE Technologies still has some Xcaret Pro expansion bay had drive
kits for the WallStreet/PDQ and Lombard/Pismo models at $69. I have not
heard back from MCE as to whether they may have enough room for a SATA
drive and a bridge.
PC Cards
Another SSD option for G3 PowerBooks is a PC Card flash drive.
Search for "ATA flash card" and see what you can find. Capacities go as
high as 16 GB, but they are expensive.
A more affordable alternative is to use a PC Card adapter for
Compact Flash (CF) along with a high capacity CF card that supports
UDMA (which means it can be used as a boot drive). The same warnings
about OS X apply as with the Addonics adapter noted above.
Optical Drive Replacement
The
MCE OptiBay Hard Drive for PowerBook G4 is available in a SATA
version for $99 and includes a free portable USB 2.0 optical drive
enclosure for your pulled optical drive. It is listed as compatible
with all G4 PowerBooks.
iFixit sells a
Optical Bay ATA Hard Drive Enclosure for $50, and it looks like
there is enough space for a SATA-to-IDE bridge. It is compatible with
all G4 PowerBooks, all G4 iBooks, and the G4 Mac mini.
NewModeUS
makes similar adapters that include a built-in SATA-to-IDE bridge. It
looks like it should replace the optical drive in any G3 or G4 iBook or
PowerBook. Priced from $42.
External Drive Options
Another alternative is to forget the whole idea of mounting a SATA
drive or SSD inside your 'Book and go with an external drive, either
FireWire or USB.
One advantage of an external drive is that you can easily connect it
to another Mac to access the data or perhaps even boot from it. The
disadvantage, of course, is one more piece of hardware.
FireWire
Although FireWire isn't nearly as fast as SATA, it's been built into
most PowerBooks and iBooks since 2000. All you need is an external 2.5"
FireWire enclosure that supports SATA.
In comparing bus performance with an SSD and current Macs, Bare Feats found SATA the
fastest bus at 273 MBps, followed by USB 3.0 (not yet built into any
Apple product) at 206. FireWire 800 came in at 86 MBps, and USB 2.0 at
38. We can estimate FireWire 400 at 43, half the speed of FW800.
The fastest G4 'Books have an ATA/100 bus, which is approximately
equal to FireWire 800 in terms of throughput. Earlier FireWire models
had ATA/66, which is two-thirds as fast - still a bit faster than
FireWire 400.
SSDs keep getting faster, with
the fastest rated at 360 MBps for reads, 275 MBps for writes.
Converted to bits-per-second, which is how FireWire and USB are
measured, that's 2.88 Gbps and 2.20 Gbps, which puts read speed past
the 2.4 Gbps theoretical maximum of SATA 2.0. Other SSDs achieve
speeds between 90 and 200 MBps (720 Mb/s to 1.6 Gbps).
Based on these numbers, most of today's SSDs will have no problem
providing data over FireWire 800 or any slower protocol at the maximum
speed the data bus allows. SATA 1.0 (1.2 Gbps) will be adequate for
most current SSDs; the fastest SSDs may saturate SATA 2.0, USB 3.0 (3.3
Gbps maximum per device), and FireWire 3200 (3.2 Gbps); while SATA 3.0
(4.8 Gbps) is more than fast enough for any SSD available today.
In light of that, FireWire 400 may not seem like a realistic option.
Then again, you have to look at what you're using right now. For a lot
of us, that's a 4200 or 5400 rpm hard drive that can't provide data as
fast as the bus can handle, so SSD (or a 7200 rpm IDE drive or a SATA
drive) should have no trouble delivering data as fast as your 'Book can
handle it.
If you are fortunate enough to have a 15" or 17" aluminum PowerBook,
you have built-in FireWire 800, which is a completely viable
alternative to using the internal drive bus. I'd say there are no
drawbacks to going this route instead of using an internal SSD with the
built-in drive bus, outside of the nuisance of using an external
drive.
While an SSD on the internal ATA/100 bus - or even the older ATA/66
bus - would be faster, SSD on FireWire 400 will definitely give you
some benefits over using an internal hard drive. (Another plus: Most
older Macs don't support drives over 128 GB on the internal drive bus,
a problem you won't have with an SSD or hard drive in a modern FireWire
enclosure.)
That may not be an issue at today's SSD prices, where 240 GB SSD
from OWC - the smallest one to fall in the "big drive" category - is
going for over $500. That's a big investment to make in a legacy Mac,
but prices will come down.
There are pros and cons with FireWire 400 for your SSD boot drive,
but I think it is a viable (if not ideal) option.
USB 2.0
A lot of people don't realize that you can boot most G3 and later
PowerPC Macs from USB. Although you can't select a USB drive as your
startup drive in the operating system, most 'Book with built-in USB
will boot from a USB drive if you hold down the Option key
during startup and then select it as your boot volume.
Although USB 2.0 if officially rated at 480 Mbps, in the real world
maximum throughput from a single device is 320 Mbps - and that's an
unachievable goal for PowerPC Macs. Back in 2004, Bare Feats
benchmarked the same drive using FireWire 800, FireWire 400, and USB
2.0 on three different Macs. Their finding: USB 2.0 was at best half as
fast as FireWire 400. FW400 topped out at about 75% (38 Mbps) of its
rated maximum speed, while USB 2.0 was on the order of 20% (64
Mbps).
You might do a bit better with an SSD and more recent version of OS
X than Bare Feats used in 2004, but USB 2.0 is so slow relative to
FireWire that I can't recommend it as your normal practice.
While you can boot from a USB 2.0 drive, at half the speed of FW400,
I don't think you'd be happy with the results. This can be a great
feature in a pinch, but not for everyday use.
As for those 'Books with USB 1.1 (all G3 iBooks and PowerBooks plus
the Titanium G4 PowerBooks), don't even think about it. USB 2.0 is 40x
as fast. With USB 1.1 you will be pulling out your hair.
Conclusion
These legacy workhorses are very affordable, often providing a lot
more bang for your buck than a cheap Windows or Linux netbook. With a
fast SATA drive - whether a regular hard drive, a hybrid drive, or an
SSD - you can unleash even more of their potential.
A 'Book with maximum RAM and an SSD will take it well beyond its
original performance, so if you have an iBook or PowerBook that you
love and would like to use more, it's definitely worth considering.
